I am back home and did some tests with my Macbook Air. Here the situation is a little bit more complex.

1.) hookup the board via usb cable to my Macbook Air. The red and green led blink in sync about 8 times and then stop.
port +5 -> 1.46v
port +3 -> -0.5v
2.) hookup the board via usb cable to a powered usb hub with no connection to the mac. The red led is on. The green led is blinking.
port +5 -> 3.15v
port +3 -> 3.0v
3.) hookup the usb hub (with the connected board) to the mac. The led's shut off completely.
port +5 -> 1.46v
port +3 -> -0.5v
http://alphakanal.de/static/videos/atmega32U4.mov4.) disconnect the usb hub from the mac and we are back to step 2.
Other boards i use like the Arduino Uno or my breadboard atmega644p run fine on the same usb port.
What should i test next to verify is the board is dead or not?