Yes, connect the I2C signals to pins 18 and 19 on Teensy3. Adafruit's library also wants the reset signal connected to a pin. Check the example for details. As I recall, the default was pin 4.
Regarding:
I believe Adafruit designed this code where you do have to edit 1 line to specify if you have the 32 or 64 line OLED. So technically, you may need to edit the code to configure which OLED you're using.Does that mean I load the example code of SSD 1306 will work just fine without edition any code?
Other than that edit, it will work. I have personally tested this. If fact, if you scroll up you can see a photo I posted of my test board. It absolutely does work. I know you want some assurence, but I just don't know what more I can do that beyond these words and the photo.